Hepatica
In the northern hardwood forest, before the sugar maple, yellow birch, and American beech leaves unfurl, you may see Hepatica make its debut.
Hepatica reaches a height of 10 cm and produces hermaphroditic flowers from February to May. The leaves are basal and dark leathery green, each with three lobes. The flowers may be white, bluish purple or pink; they are supported singly on hairy, largely leafless stems. Butterflies, moths, bees, flies and beetles are known to act as pollinators for Hepatica.
Hepatica is named from its leaves, which, like the human liver (Greek hepar), have three lobes. It was once used as a medicinal herb. Owing to the doctrine of signatures, the plant was thought an effective treatment for liver disorders. Although poisonous in large doses, the leaves and flowers may be used as an astringent, demulcent for slow-healing injuries and as a diuretic [1].
Bloodroot (عرق الدم)
Bloodroot is a variable species growing from 20 to 50 cm tall, normally with one large, sheath-like basal multi-lobed leaf up to 12 cm across. The flowers are produced from March to May, with 8-12 delicate white petals and yellow reproductive parts. The flowers appear over clasping leaves while blooming. Plants are variable in leaf and flower shape and have in the past been separated out as different subspecies due to these variable shapes;
Toxicity
Bloodroot produces morphine-like benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, primarily the toxin sanguinarine. In spite of supposed curative properties and historical use by Native Americans as an emetic, internal use is inadvisable.
OAK (بلوط)
if you see a tree dropping acorns, you know you’re looking at an oak. You can also tell an oak by its leaves, which are more long than wide and typically have seven deeply cut lobes. If you find such a leaf with rounded, wave-like lobes, you are probably looking at the white oak.
Birch (درخت فان,غان,توس)
Like oak, birch trees also have alternate branching. White birch, commonly found at higher altitudes, is known as Paper Birch because the bark peels away like a scroll. Its decided color gives the common names Red, White, Black, Silver and Yellow to different species.
Maple (افرا)
The biggest hint for identifying a maple is that pairs of branches grow at equal heights but on opposite sides of the trunk. If you can picture the Canadian flag, you will have to trouble identifying a maple’s iconic five-lobed leaf.